{"id":318,"date":"2019-05-20T06:35:33","date_gmt":"2019-05-20T06:35:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spahk.nlpra.org.hk\/?page_id=318"},"modified":"2021-08-03T07:27:17","modified_gmt":"2021-08-03T07:27:17","slug":"%e8%aa%8d%e8%ad%98%e8%87%aa%e9%96%89%e7%97%87","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/spahk.nlpra.org.hk\/?page_id=318","title":{"rendered":"\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u9589\u75c7"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"318\" class=\"elementor elementor-318\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d1b7cc7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d1b7cc7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3dcd76\" data-id=\"b3dcd76\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0b05af elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0b05af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd27154\" data-id=\"bd27154\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b34a28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b34a28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919\uff1f<\/strong><br>\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919 (Autism Spectrum Disorder; ASD) \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8166\u529f\u80fd\u767c\u5c55\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u6bcf\u540d\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u5176\u6e9d\u901a\u53ca\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u6839\u64da\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u8a3a\u65b7\u53ca\u7d71\u8a08\u624b\u518a\u7b2c\u4e94\u7248 (DSM-5; APA, 2013)\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5169\u9805\u7279\u5fb5\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u793e\u4ea4\u6e9d\u901a\u53ca\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u969c\u7919<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u793e\u4ea4\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e92\u52d5\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982: \u7121\u6cd5\u7dad\u6301\u96d9\u5411\u7684\u5c0d\u8ac7\uff0c\u5728\u6e9d\u901a\u4e0a\u8f03\u5c11\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u4e5f\u8f03\u5c11\u8208\u8da3\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u53ca\u7121\u6cd5\u958b\u59cb\u793e\u4ea4\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52d5\u6642\u6709\u660e\u986f\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6e9d\u901a\u884c\u70ba\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8a9e\u8a00\u53ca\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u914d\u5408\u8f03\u5dee\u3002\u773c\u795e\u6ce8\u8996\u53ca\u80a2\u9ad4\u8a9e\u8a00\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7570\u5e38\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6e9d\u901a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7f3a\u640d\u3002\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u53ca\u77ad\u89e3\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7121\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u9069\u7576\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u4eab\u60f3\u50cf\u6027\u904a\u6232\u53ca\u4ea4\u670b\u53cb\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u91cd\u8907\u6027\u53ca\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u523b\u677f\u800c\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u8208\u8da3\u53ca\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u904e\u5ea6\u5805\u6301\u5e38\u898f\uff0c\u5100\u5f0f\u5316\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8a9e\u8a00\u6216\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u6297\u62d2\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u7570\u5e38\u5730\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u523b\u677f\u800c\u5c40\u9650\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5c0d\u611f\u89c0\u523a\u6fc0\u6709\u904e\u9ad8\u6216\u904e\u4f4e\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u6216\u5c0d\u611f\u89c0\u7269\u6709\u5947\u7279\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u793e\u4ea4\u7f3a\u640d\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/strong><br>\u793e\u4ea4\u7f3a\u640d\u66ab\u7121\u55ae\u4e00\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u56e0\u5f15\u81f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u7b49\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5747\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5c0e\u81f4\u793e\u4ea4\u7f3a\u640d\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a13\u7df4\u8a2d\u8a08\u4ea6\u8003\u616e\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u638c\u63e1\u793e\u4ea4\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u4e92\u52d5\u51fa\u73fe\u660e\u986f\u9072\u7de9<\/li>\n<li>\u6b20\u7f3a\u5fc5\u9700\u884c\u70ba\u6280\u5de7\uff08\u5982\u5ef6\u7e8c\u5c0d\u8a71\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6b20\u7f3a\u5c0d\u793e\u4ea4\u5834\u5408\u61c9\u6709\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58<\/li>\n<li>\u300c\u5fc3\u76f2\u300d\u73fe\u8c61 ( Baron-Cohen et al., 1995)\uff0c \u5373\u6b20\u7f3a\u7406\u89e3\u5225\u4eba\u89d2\u5ea6\u548c\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/li>\n<li>\u8f49\u79fb\u5c08\u6ce8\u529b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8f03\u5f31\uff0c\u6709\u9700\u8981\u6642\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f48\u6027<\/li>\n<li>\u96e3\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b<\/li>\n<li>\u6574\u5408\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u8a0a\u606f\u4e26\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u5834\u5408\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8f03\u5f31<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u793e\u4ea4\u7f3a\u640d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong><br>\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u7919\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u8a8d\u77e5\u53ca\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u96e3\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u9762\u5c0d\u8457\u7a2e\u7a2e\u6311\u6230\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u9752\u5e74\u671f\u4ed6\u5011\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u70ba\u793e\u4ea4\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u53ca\u7dad\u6301\u540c\u8f29\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u53ca\u5b78\u7fd2\u554f\u984c\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u56f0\u96e3\u6703\u65bc\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6301\u7e8c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9032\u5165\u6210\u4eba\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u7919\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f48\u6027\u53ca\u4e0d\u5584\u65bc\u4eba\u969b\u6e9d\u901a\u7b49\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u793e\u6703\u516c\u773e\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ca\u5c31\u696d\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u56f0\u96e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5ef6\u7e8c\u7ae5\u5e74\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u65bc\u6210\u4eba\u6642\u671f\u4ea6\u6703\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u96d9\u5411\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6e9d\u901a\u548c\u4ea4\u53cb\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u51fa\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u56e0\u6b64\u6613\u53d7\u5b64\u7acb\uff0c\u66f4\u7d93\u5e38\u6210\u70ba\u53d7\u4eba\u6392\u64e0\u6216\u6b3a\u8ca0\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5feb\u7d93\u6b77\u9664\u4e86\u9632\u7919\u4ed6\u5011\u793e\u4ea4\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u66f4\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u6d3b\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u65bc\u9032\u5165\u6210\u4eba\u968e\u6bb5\u6642\u9020\u6210\u7a2e\u7a2e\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5982\u589e\u52a0\u60a3\u6291\u9b31\u75c7\u98a8\u96aa\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u5708\u5b50\u72f9\u7a84\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u7dad\u6301\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b49\u3002\u82e5\u80fd\u53ca\u65e9\u4ecb\u5165\u793e\u4ea4\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5b9a\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u8655\u7406\u793e\u4ea4\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8cea\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ecb\u5165\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><br><strong>1. \u5fa9\u5143\u70ba\u672c (Recovery orientation)<\/strong><br>\u5fa9\u5143\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u8b93\u500b\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u9762\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u53ca\u91cd\u5efa\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u8207\u9078\u64c7\u3001\u8cac\u4efb\u3001\u5eb7\u5fa9\u8005\u53c3\u8207\u3001\u5bb6\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u3001\u670b\u8f29\u652f\u63f4\u3001\u91cd\u8996\u500b\u4eba\u512a\u52e2\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u8207\u53cd\u6c61\u540d\u3001\u6574\u5168\u6027\u3001\u8d77\u4f0f\u4e2d\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u300c\u5fa9\u5143\u300d\u4e0d\u53ea\u8861\u91cf\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u56de\u5fa9\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1 (\u5fa9\u539f)\uff0c\u66f4\u8457\u91cd\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u8207\u6210\u9577(\u65b0\u751f\u7cbe\u795e\u5eb7\u5fa9\u6703, 2015)\u3002\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8166\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u85e5\u7269\u6839\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u53ef\u5f9e\u8a13\u7df4\u4e2d\u63d0\u5347\u793e\u4ea4\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6545\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a13\u7df4\u4ee5\u5fa9\u5143\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f5c\u70ba\u7406\u5ff5\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u8457\u91cd\u6703\u54e1\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u514b\u670d\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u5834\u5408\u4e0a\u56e0\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u5728\u5c08\u696d\u5718\u968a\u3001\u5bb6\u5c6c\u3001\u670b\u8f29\u53ca\u516c\u773e\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u63a5\u7d0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u4eab\u6709\u5168\u9762\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u6d3b\u51fa\u8d85\u8d8a\u969c\u7919\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u512a\u52e2\u70ba\u672c (Strength-based)<\/strong><br>\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u7919\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f48\u6027\u3001\u4e0d\u5584\u65bc\u4eba\u969b\u6e9d\u901a\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u793e\u6703\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u60c5\u5883\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96e3\u548c\u6311\u6230\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6df1\u4fe1\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u64c1\u6709\u7368\u7279\u7684\u5929\u8ce6\u548c\u6f5b\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5c11\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u4ea6\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7d93\u904e\u5408\u9069\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u80fd\u529b\u8a13\u7df4\u548c\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4e26\u7d66\u4e88\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u61c9\u7528\u793e\u4ea4\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u90e8\u4efd\u6b63\u5e38\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u66f4\u6709\u8457\u7368\u7279\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u6216\u5c08\u9577\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u50be\u5411\u6ce8\u91cd\u7d30\u7bc0<\/li>\n<li>\u5fe0\u8aa0\u5584\u826f<\/li>\n<li>\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u529b\u53ca\u5c08\u6ce8\u529b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u7269 (\u5982\u8def\u7dda\u5716\u3001\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u6578\u5b57\u7b49)<\/li>\n<li>\u7b97\u8853\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u5929\u5206<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5718\u968a\u4e0d\u55ae\u91cd\u8996\u6703\u54e1\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u548c\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u66f4\u6703\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u9f13\u52f5\u53ca\u6b23\u8cde\u500b\u4eba\u512a\u52e2\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u8a8d\u8b58\u53ca\u767c\u63ee\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9577\u8655\u53ca\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919\uff1f\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919 (Autism Spectrum Disorder; ASD) \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8166\u529f\u80fd\u767c\u5c55\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u6bcf\u540d\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u5176\u6e9d\u901a\u53ca\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u6839\u64da\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u8a3a\u65b7\u53ca\u7d71\u8a08\u624b\u518a\u7b2c\u4e94\u7248 (DSM-5; APA, 2013)\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5169\u9805\u7279\u5fb5\u70ba\uff1a 1. \u793e\u4ea4\u6e9d\u901a\u53ca\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u969c\u7919 \u793e\u4ea4\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e92\u52d5\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982: \u7121\u6cd5\u7dad\u6301\u96d9\u5411\u7684\u5c0d\u8ac7\uff0c\u5728\u6e9d\u901a\u4e0a\u8f03\u5c11\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u4e5f\u8f03\u5c11\u8208\u8da3\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u53ca\u7121\u6cd5\u958b\u59cb\u793e\u4ea4\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52d5\u6642\u6709\u660e\u986f\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6e9d\u901a\u884c\u70ba\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8a9e\u8a00\u53ca\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u914d\u5408\u8f03\u5dee\u3002\u773c\u795e\u6ce8\u8996\u53ca\u80a2\u9ad4\u8a9e\u8a00\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7570\u5e38\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6e9d\u901a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7f3a\u640d\u3002\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u53ca\u77ad\u89e3\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7121\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u9069\u7576\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u4eab\u60f3\u50cf\u6027\u904a\u6232\u53ca\u4ea4\u670b\u53cb\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8208\u8da3\u3002 2. \u91cd\u8907\u6027\u53ca\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6a21\u5f0f \u523b\u677f\u800c\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u8208\u8da3\u53ca\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u904e\u5ea6\u5805\u6301\u5e38\u898f\uff0c\u5100\u5f0f\u5316\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8a9e\u8a00\u6216\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u6297\u62d2\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u7570\u5e38\u5730\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u523b\u677f\u800c\u5c40\u9650\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5c0d\u611f\u89c0\u523a\u6fc0\u6709\u904e\u9ad8\u6216\u904e\u4f4e\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u6216\u5c0d\u611f\u89c0\u7269\u6709\u5947\u7279\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002 \u793e\u4ea4\u7f3a\u640d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u793e\u4ea4\u7f3a\u640d\u66ab\u7121\u55ae\u4e00\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u56e0\u5f15\u81f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u7b49\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5747\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5c0e\u81f4\u793e\u4ea4\u7f3a\u640d\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a13\u7df4\u8a2d\u8a08\u4ea6\u8003\u616e\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u56e0\uff1a \u638c\u63e1\u793e\u4ea4\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u4e92\u52d5\u51fa\u73fe\u660e\u986f\u9072\u7de9 \u6b20\u7f3a\u5fc5\u9700\u884c\u70ba\u6280\u5de7\uff08\u5982\u5ef6\u7e8c\u5c0d\u8a71\uff09 \u6b20\u7f3a\u5c0d\u793e\u4ea4\u5834\u5408\u61c9\u6709\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58 \u300c\u5fc3\u76f2\u300d\u73fe\u8c61 ( Baron-Cohen et al., 1995)\uff0c \u5373\u6b20\u7f3a\u7406\u89e3\u5225\u4eba\u89d2\u5ea6\u548c\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u80fd\u529b \u8f49\u79fb\u5c08\u6ce8\u529b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8f03\u5f31\uff0c\u6709\u9700\u8981\u6642\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f48\u6027 \u96e3\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b \u6574\u5408\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u8a0a\u606f\u4e26\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u5834\u5408\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8f03\u5f31 \u793e\u4ea4\u7f3a\u640d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u7919\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u8a8d\u77e5\u53ca\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u96e3\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u9762\u5c0d\u8457\u7a2e\u7a2e\u6311\u6230\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u9752\u5e74\u671f\u4ed6\u5011\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u70ba\u793e\u4ea4\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u53ca\u7dad\u6301\u540c\u8f29\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u53ca\u5b78\u7fd2\u554f\u984c\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u56f0\u96e3\u6703\u65bc\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6301\u7e8c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9032\u5165\u6210\u4eba\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u7919\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f48\u6027\u53ca\u4e0d\u5584\u65bc\u4eba\u969b\u6e9d\u901a\u7b49\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u793e\u6703\u516c\u773e\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ca\u5c31\u696d\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u56f0\u96e3\u3002 \u5ef6\u7e8c\u7ae5\u5e74\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u65bc\u6210\u4eba\u6642\u671f\u4ea6\u6703\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u96d9\u5411\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6e9d\u901a\u548c\u4ea4\u53cb\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u51fa\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u56e0\u6b64\u6613\u53d7\u5b64\u7acb\uff0c\u66f4\u7d93\u5e38\u6210\u70ba\u53d7\u4eba\u6392\u64e0\u6216\u6b3a\u8ca0\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5feb\u7d93\u6b77\u9664\u4e86\u9632\u7919\u4ed6\u5011\u793e\u4ea4\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u66f4\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u6d3b\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u65bc\u9032\u5165\u6210\u4eba\u968e\u6bb5\u6642\u9020\u6210\u7a2e\u7a2e\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5982\u589e\u52a0\u60a3\u6291\u9b31\u75c7\u98a8\u96aa\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u5708\u5b50\u72f9\u7a84\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u7dad\u6301\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b49\u3002\u82e5\u80fd\u53ca\u65e9\u4ecb\u5165\u793e\u4ea4\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5b9a\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u8655\u7406\u793e\u4ea4\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8cea\u7d20\u3002 \u4ecb\u5165\u7b56\u75651. \u5fa9\u5143\u70ba\u672c (Recovery orientation)\u5fa9\u5143\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u8b93\u500b\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u9762\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u53ca\u91cd\u5efa\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u8207\u9078\u64c7\u3001\u8cac\u4efb\u3001\u5eb7\u5fa9\u8005\u53c3\u8207\u3001\u5bb6\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u3001\u670b\u8f29\u652f\u63f4\u3001\u91cd\u8996\u500b\u4eba\u512a\u52e2\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u8207\u53cd\u6c61\u540d\u3001\u6574\u5168\u6027\u3001\u8d77\u4f0f\u4e2d\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u300c\u5fa9\u5143\u300d\u4e0d\u53ea\u8861\u91cf\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u56de\u5fa9\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1 (\u5fa9\u539f)\uff0c\u66f4\u8457\u91cd\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u8207\u6210\u9577(\u65b0\u751f\u7cbe\u795e\u5eb7\u5fa9\u6703, 2015)\u3002\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8166\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u85e5\u7269\u6839\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u53ef\u5f9e\u8a13\u7df4\u4e2d\u63d0\u5347\u793e\u4ea4\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6545\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a13\u7df4\u4ee5\u5fa9\u5143\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f5c\u70ba\u7406\u5ff5\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u8457\u91cd\u6703\u54e1\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u514b\u670d\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u5834\u5408\u4e0a\u56e0\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u5728\u5c08\u696d\u5718\u968a\u3001\u5bb6\u5c6c\u3001\u670b\u8f29\u53ca\u516c\u773e\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u63a5\u7d0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u4eab\u6709\u5168\u9762\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u6d3b\u51fa\u8d85\u8d8a\u969c\u7919\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u751f\u3002 2. \u512a\u52e2\u70ba\u672c (Strength-based)\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u7919\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f48\u6027\u3001\u4e0d\u5584\u65bc\u4eba\u969b\u6e9d\u901a\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u793e\u6703\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u60c5\u5883\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96e3\u548c\u6311\u6230\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6df1\u4fe1\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u64c1\u6709\u7368\u7279\u7684\u5929\u8ce6\u548c\u6f5b\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5c11\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u4ea6\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7d93\u904e\u5408\u9069\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u80fd\u529b\u8a13\u7df4\u548c\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4e26\u7d66\u4e88\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u61c9\u7528\u793e\u4ea4\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u90e8\u4efd\u6b63\u5e38\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u66f4\u6709\u8457\u7368\u7279\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u6216\u5c08\u9577\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a \u50be\u5411\u6ce8\u91cd\u7d30\u7bc0 \u5fe0\u8aa0\u5584\u826f \u7570\u5e38\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u529b\u53ca\u5c08\u6ce8\u529b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u7269 (\u5982\u8def\u7dda\u5716\u3001\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u6578\u5b57\u7b49) \u7b97\u8853\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u5929\u5206 \u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5718\u968a\u4e0d\u55ae\u91cd\u8996\u6703\u54e1\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u548c\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u66f4\u6703\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u9f13\u52f5\u53ca\u6b23\u8cde\u500b\u4eba\u512a\u52e2\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u8a8d\u8b58\u53ca\u767c\u63ee\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9577\u8655\u53ca\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":316,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-318","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u9589\u75c7 - Spahk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spahk.nlpra.org.hk\/?page_id=318\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u9589\u75c7 - Spahk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919\uff1f\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919 (Autism Spectrum Disorder; ASD) \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8166\u529f\u80fd\u767c\u5c55\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u6bcf\u540d\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u5176\u6e9d\u901a\u53ca\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u6839\u64da\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u8a3a\u65b7\u53ca\u7d71\u8a08\u624b\u518a\u7b2c\u4e94\u7248 (DSM-5; APA, 2013)\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5169\u9805\u7279\u5fb5\u70ba\uff1a 1. \u793e\u4ea4\u6e9d\u901a\u53ca\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u969c\u7919 \u793e\u4ea4\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e92\u52d5\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982: \u7121\u6cd5\u7dad\u6301\u96d9\u5411\u7684\u5c0d\u8ac7\uff0c\u5728\u6e9d\u901a\u4e0a\u8f03\u5c11\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u4e5f\u8f03\u5c11\u8208\u8da3\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u53ca\u7121\u6cd5\u958b\u59cb\u793e\u4ea4\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52d5\u6642\u6709\u660e\u986f\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6e9d\u901a\u884c\u70ba\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8a9e\u8a00\u53ca\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u914d\u5408\u8f03\u5dee\u3002\u773c\u795e\u6ce8\u8996\u53ca\u80a2\u9ad4\u8a9e\u8a00\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7570\u5e38\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6e9d\u901a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7f3a\u640d\u3002\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u53ca\u77ad\u89e3\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7121\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u9069\u7576\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u4eab\u60f3\u50cf\u6027\u904a\u6232\u53ca\u4ea4\u670b\u53cb\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8208\u8da3\u3002 2. \u91cd\u8907\u6027\u53ca\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6a21\u5f0f \u523b\u677f\u800c\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u8208\u8da3\u53ca\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u904e\u5ea6\u5805\u6301\u5e38\u898f\uff0c\u5100\u5f0f\u5316\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8a9e\u8a00\u6216\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u6297\u62d2\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u7570\u5e38\u5730\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u523b\u677f\u800c\u5c40\u9650\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5c0d\u611f\u89c0\u523a\u6fc0\u6709\u904e\u9ad8\u6216\u904e\u4f4e\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u6216\u5c0d\u611f\u89c0\u7269\u6709\u5947\u7279\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002 \u793e\u4ea4\u7f3a\u640d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u793e\u4ea4\u7f3a\u640d\u66ab\u7121\u55ae\u4e00\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u56e0\u5f15\u81f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u7b49\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5747\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5c0e\u81f4\u793e\u4ea4\u7f3a\u640d\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a13\u7df4\u8a2d\u8a08\u4ea6\u8003\u616e\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u56e0\uff1a \u638c\u63e1\u793e\u4ea4\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u4e92\u52d5\u51fa\u73fe\u660e\u986f\u9072\u7de9 \u6b20\u7f3a\u5fc5\u9700\u884c\u70ba\u6280\u5de7\uff08\u5982\u5ef6\u7e8c\u5c0d\u8a71\uff09 \u6b20\u7f3a\u5c0d\u793e\u4ea4\u5834\u5408\u61c9\u6709\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58 \u300c\u5fc3\u76f2\u300d\u73fe\u8c61 ( Baron-Cohen et al., 1995)\uff0c \u5373\u6b20\u7f3a\u7406\u89e3\u5225\u4eba\u89d2\u5ea6\u548c\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u80fd\u529b \u8f49\u79fb\u5c08\u6ce8\u529b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8f03\u5f31\uff0c\u6709\u9700\u8981\u6642\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f48\u6027 \u96e3\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b \u6574\u5408\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u8a0a\u606f\u4e26\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u5834\u5408\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8f03\u5f31 \u793e\u4ea4\u7f3a\u640d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u7919\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u8a8d\u77e5\u53ca\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u96e3\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u9762\u5c0d\u8457\u7a2e\u7a2e\u6311\u6230\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u9752\u5e74\u671f\u4ed6\u5011\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u70ba\u793e\u4ea4\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u53ca\u7dad\u6301\u540c\u8f29\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u53ca\u5b78\u7fd2\u554f\u984c\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u56f0\u96e3\u6703\u65bc\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6301\u7e8c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9032\u5165\u6210\u4eba\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u7919\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f48\u6027\u53ca\u4e0d\u5584\u65bc\u4eba\u969b\u6e9d\u901a\u7b49\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u793e\u6703\u516c\u773e\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ca\u5c31\u696d\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u56f0\u96e3\u3002 \u5ef6\u7e8c\u7ae5\u5e74\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u65bc\u6210\u4eba\u6642\u671f\u4ea6\u6703\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u96d9\u5411\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6e9d\u901a\u548c\u4ea4\u53cb\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u51fa\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u56e0\u6b64\u6613\u53d7\u5b64\u7acb\uff0c\u66f4\u7d93\u5e38\u6210\u70ba\u53d7\u4eba\u6392\u64e0\u6216\u6b3a\u8ca0\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5feb\u7d93\u6b77\u9664\u4e86\u9632\u7919\u4ed6\u5011\u793e\u4ea4\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u66f4\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u6d3b\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u65bc\u9032\u5165\u6210\u4eba\u968e\u6bb5\u6642\u9020\u6210\u7a2e\u7a2e\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5982\u589e\u52a0\u60a3\u6291\u9b31\u75c7\u98a8\u96aa\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u5708\u5b50\u72f9\u7a84\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u7dad\u6301\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b49\u3002\u82e5\u80fd\u53ca\u65e9\u4ecb\u5165\u793e\u4ea4\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5b9a\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u8655\u7406\u793e\u4ea4\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8cea\u7d20\u3002 \u4ecb\u5165\u7b56\u75651. \u5fa9\u5143\u70ba\u672c (Recovery orientation)\u5fa9\u5143\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u8b93\u500b\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u9762\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u53ca\u91cd\u5efa\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u8207\u9078\u64c7\u3001\u8cac\u4efb\u3001\u5eb7\u5fa9\u8005\u53c3\u8207\u3001\u5bb6\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u3001\u670b\u8f29\u652f\u63f4\u3001\u91cd\u8996\u500b\u4eba\u512a\u52e2\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u8207\u53cd\u6c61\u540d\u3001\u6574\u5168\u6027\u3001\u8d77\u4f0f\u4e2d\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u300c\u5fa9\u5143\u300d\u4e0d\u53ea\u8861\u91cf\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u56de\u5fa9\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1 (\u5fa9\u539f)\uff0c\u66f4\u8457\u91cd\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u8207\u6210\u9577(\u65b0\u751f\u7cbe\u795e\u5eb7\u5fa9\u6703, 2015)\u3002\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8166\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u85e5\u7269\u6839\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u4eba\u58eb\u53ef\u5f9e\u8a13\u7df4\u4e2d\u63d0\u5347\u793e\u4ea4\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6545\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a13\u7df4\u4ee5\u5fa9\u5143\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f5c\u70ba\u7406\u5ff5\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u8457\u91cd\u6703\u54e1\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u514b\u670d\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u5834\u5408\u4e0a\u56e0\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u5728\u5c08\u696d\u5718\u968a\u3001\u5bb6\u5c6c\u3001\u670b\u8f29\u53ca\u516c\u773e\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u63a5\u7d0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u4eab\u6709\u5168\u9762\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u6d3b\u51fa\u8d85\u8d8a\u969c\u7919\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u751f\u3002 2. \u512a\u52e2\u70ba\u672c 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